Herzeloyde’s shirt, Condwiramurs’s silk shirt and velvet coat, and Bene’s and Repanse’s erotically charged coats are but a few of the plethora of examples in Parzival in which clothes are used to express contradictory meanings to the beloved and the public. Men on the other hand are in control of women and act upon them, especially when their honor and social distinction increases by being associated with the lady. On a surface level, clothing seems to perpetuate normative gender constructions in which women are locked into the role of an aloof beauty, the desirable waiting to be desired by a knight. Introduction: In Parzival, Wolfram von Eschenbach provides us with several intriguing examples in which clothing-to which I am limiting myself in this article-plays a surprising role in the construction of gender roles that undercut and/or affirm the fabric of courtly love. New Research: Yearbook for the Society of Medieval Germanic Studies, Vol.1:1 (2013) 15th century illustration from Parzival – Cod. The Line-by-line Bibliographical Database of Wolfram von Eschenbach’s Parzival for the years 1753-2004, produced by David N.Undercutting the Fabric of Courtly Love with ‘Tokens of Love’ in Wolfram Von Eschenbach’s Parzival Stefan Seeber, ‘Medieval Humor? Wolfram’s Parzival and the Concept of the Comic in Middle High German Romances’, Modern Language Review 109:2 (2014), 417-30 Hugh Sacker, An Introduction to Wolfram’s ‘ Parzival’ (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1963) Prager, Orienting the Self: The German Literary Encounter with the Eastern Other (Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2014), Chapter 1 on Parzival, pp.
Will Hasty (ed.), A Companion to Wolfram’s ‘Parzival’ (Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2010)ĭebra N. by Richard Barber (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006)Ĭyril Edwards, ‘“Von der zinnen wil ich gen”: Wolfram’s Peevish Watchman’, Modern Language Review 84:2 (1989), 358-66Īrthur Groos, Romancing the Grail: Genre, Science and Quest in Wolfram’s Parzival (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995) Wolfram von Eschenbach, Parzival and Titurel, trans. The opening lines stress the importance of patience and faith:
Parzival’s discovery of self and world are interlinked: his world is full of interconnections, but these are only revealed gradually, as the reader accompanies him on his journey. Parzival’s epic quest for the Holy Grail is a quest for spiritual truth which requires him to attain self-knowledge and to acknowledge his sins before he can become the Grail King. It reworks and extends the unfinished last work of Chrétien de Troyes, the Conte du Graal (1180-90).
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